Do You Believe in Love at First Sight Do You Believe in Love at First Sight ?

â€Å"Do you believe in love at first sight ? Or .. um .. should I walk by again ? â€Å" Blush .. Blush .. Well , Ladies and gentlemen ! Honestly , even If I keep walking past you in ‘circles’ , you won’t fall in â€Å"love† with me . Yes , you might have a crush on me , my presence may cause a powerful infatuation , but it would not , my friends , be love †¦ To all those who immediately got those contradicting thoughts in their minds , Ladies and Gentlemen ! I speak †¦ of experience . . . 22nd October 2010 â€Å"Omg ! Omg ! Omg ! Did you See him † â€Å"Umm .. Who? † â€Å"That guy!!The one with the deep black eyes !! † â€Å"Uh well   Fatima , most boys here have ‘black’ eyes .. And secondly , we’re here for academic purposes .. not for mating ! † â€Å"I know , But .. but †¦ Omg ! He’s so .. so hawwtt ! I mean , so attractive .. so beautiful .. He’s , he’s like a d ream come alive , incredible †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Woaaahh ! Wait , wait a minute ! Who is this guy ? † â€Å"The one , the one that just passed by us !! † â€Å"Umm †¦ ? † â€Å"The one with the light spikes†¦ ? â€Å" â€Å" Ughh , I dunno .. well common Fatima , I think we should get back to work †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢   Ã¢â‚¬Å"But .. †¦ †¦ †¦ †Three days Later â€Å"Fatima !! FATIMA ! WHAT . IS . THE . CHEMICAL FORMUALE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE !! â€Å"      Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Oh , Yes sir ? †¦ Sorry sir †¦ I dunno †¦. â€Å" â€Å"Out Of the Class !! † Later that day â€Å"Fatima , you were Actually day dreaming in the â€Å"Chemistry class â€Å" ! What were you thinking !? † â€Å"Umm .. you know , about Arham â€Å" â€Å"Arhum ? Who Arhum ? † â€Å"The .. the guy , the one I told you about the other day †¦ ’   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What ?! You were actually serious about him ? You don’t even know him ! And .. How do you know his name ? † â€Å"Yes ofcourse I was serious ! You don’t know .. e’s the one I’ve been waiting for .. My soullmate †¦ I know , God created us a pair .. I .. I just know . And Pluss , I spent 5 hours on facebook searching   and finally I found him !! I’ll send you the link !! † â€Å"Whaaaaaaaaaaaat?! Well , I think that’s stupidiy .. I mean .. I dunno †¦ Anyways , did you send him a friend request ? † â€Å"No, I didn’t †¦. Boys ask out girls first . † â€Å"But he doesn’t even know you !!! † â€Å"He does ! I’m sure we’re bonded . he’ll come to me one day . † â€Å"So what are you gonna do till then †¦ Day dream ? Listen to slow romantic songs?Smile in solitude like a freak? Or .. † â€Å"Enoughh! !! That’s it ! Lets go now .. â€Å" It continued like that †¦ Arh am played in my mind like a symphony . I felt my heart beat like â€Å" Arham †¦ Arhum †¦ Arhum †¦ Until , two weeks later , my friend told me : â€Å"Fatima ! Did you see Arhum’s display picture on facebook ? : â€Å"Omg ! No I didn’t , we were out yesterday ! â€Å" â€Å"You know what ? He was holding hands with this girl and there was an edited heart over it† â€Å"What †¦ ? †¦ †¦ .. She must be his cousin †¦ I know .. he’s not like that â€Å" â€Å"Cummon Fatima ! Use your senses ! † â€Å"No!You know when I looked at him †¦ O could see the purity , the decency in him .. He’s a good boy â€Å" â€Å"Well .!! You’re Impossible †¦ ! † With the passage of time and my , I guiltily say â€Å" desperate† condition , I came to know many facts about Arhum †¦ among which some of the slightly bad ones were that .. he smokes , he was once suspended for two days , umm à ¢â‚¬ ¦ he got just four D’s in his mocks and .. well , I had thought of censoring that one , but he’s the only , proud record holder of changing Seven genuine , pretty girlfriends in just grade ten .! At first , I defended his acts at my best .However it was only a matter of time before I came familiar to the devilish character underneath that sweet , angelic face . On the upcoming school gathering , miraculously , I locked eyes with Arhum the second time in my life   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ who was enjoying the company of yet , another girl . I felt hatred run through my body †¦ Those eyes .. the ones which once struck me blind now appeared to be the eyes of the   Satan itself . His spikes , well now he looked as if he had suffered an electric shock . In my mind , I cursed him in â€Å"Four† different languages .So what became of the love I felt , eh? The la la la melody which made me dance in front of my mirror .. Well , you know what guys ? The feeling went as quick ly as it had come .. The â€Å"love† we call is more like a seasonal virus , or should I say more like dengue . This is where I say , I do not believe in love at first sight ! So , for God’s sake , please do not fall for   those falling pants , and yeah , those mascara and kajal clad eyes . It was my responsibility to warn you and now that I have , thankyou and goodbye . Well , now excuseme ladies and ‘not so gentle’men .! (:

A Beautiful Mind

I enjoyed many things from the film A Beautiful Mind including the cast, the interpretations of being schizophrenic, and also the small amount of romance between John and Alicia. Think that the cast was very well picked, Russell Crower did an outstanding job portraying a man with schizophrenia. I could tell that Crower was eve comfortable with this role, considering how well he portrayed John Nash. When I think about John Nash and his awkward, yet sophisticated, rationality Russell Crower really does justice to John Nash.Also, the cast for the other students, John's peers, were well picked out also. All of the other students were intelligent and also a little cocky which makes sense as to why they don't accept John. I also enjoyed the interpretations of being schizophrenic. It is very interesting going into the mind of John Nash and seeing the people that only he sees, and hearing the voices that only he hears. Lastly enjoyed how the film had a little spark of romance between John an d Alicia, but that the entire film wasn't about the romance, and love.The film was more about John and his brilliance than his love life. My only dislike for this film is that it was slowly moving. L, personally, enjoy movies that can invest myself in and really feel the characters. I could not relate to any of the characters considering they are all brilliant. Johns Anna's second grade teacher tells Nash that he had been given two helpings of brain but only one helping of heart, I think that she means that he would stop putting math and science before how he is really feeling and that he should try to make friends and be more in-touch with others.As said before I really enjoyed Russell Crow's portrayal of schizophrenia. I thought that it was very believable, from what I have seen, and was interesting whenever he would have schizophrenic fits around other students. The scariest part of schizophrenia for me is seeing things that others cannot. People with schizophrenia do not know if what they're seeing is real or fake, and that is scary. A Beautiful Mind The movie â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† is the memorable and touching story of John Forbes Nash Jr., an economist and mathematical genius who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1994. Nash is said to have battled with an illness called paranoid schizophrenia.1) Said to be the most feared and disabling of mental illnesses, paranoid schizophrenia is said to be ‘characterized by illogical thinking and hearing unreal things’ (How to get rid). This is much like the way John Nash was portrayed by actor Russell Crowe in the movie.The initial part of the movie showed that John had such a great mind, and his mind worked in a very complicated way. He was so dedicated to his work and can get so caught up with what he was doing that he sometimes stayed at the library for 2 days in a row solving mathematical equations. For John, the numbers just seemed to come alive as if they were begging for his attention.The way he stretched the use of his brain to look at things from a mathematician’s point of view is just so astounding. John correlated everything to math – simple things like the movement of pigeons, picking up girls in a bar, and asking for approval from a girl.The later part of the movie however, shows John as slowly being transformed to the queer individual who speaks of conspiracies, Russians, classified information, and other spy terminologies. He surreptitiously spends most of his time cutting newspapers, magazines, scribbling, deciphering codes, and dealing with shady characters.As the story further unfolds, it is revealed that characters seen by John are only imaginary and that he has to be treated soon, or else he might put his own family in danger. As John’s psychiatrist, Dr. Rosen, says in the movie, â€Å"the nightmare of schizophrenia is in not knowing what’s true†. Indeed, John had a difficult time making the distinction between his hallucinations and realities.2) In the movie, John was given insuli n shock therapy 5 times a week for two weeks. Furthermore, he was released from the hospital on the condition that he would take his anti-psychotic drugs, so that the degree of his illness would not progress any further.Insulin shock therapy was discovered by Manfred Sakel in 1927, where an injection of insulin was administered to the patient, who went into a superficial coma, and eventually recovered from his/her psychotic state (The History of Shock Therapy). This therapy worked positively on John, who showed significant signs of improvement after undergoing this treatment.With regards to medications, at first, all went well when John did as he was told. Eventually, however, John stopped taking them and hid the medicines in a tin can which he – without his wife’s knowledge – hid in a drawer on his desk.This made John’s delusions all come back to life, and all the paranoia and hallucinations haunted him once again. This occurrence almost cost the life of John’s son, so John’s wife once again sought the help of Dr. Rosen so that John could be returned to the psychiatric hospital. When Dr. Rosen arrived, John was asked why he stopped taking his medications.His answer was because ‘I couldn’t work, I couldn’t help with the baby, and I couldn’t respond to my wife’. John was in such a pathetic state that his wife took pity on him and just let him stay, but she left her baby with her mom temporarily. Gradually, John recovered even without the aid of medications. As one website mentions: â€Å"The notion that schizophrenics must spend a lifetime on these (anti-psychotic) drugs is a ‘myth’† (John Nash: Recovery without Drugs), and John did pretty well on this. A Beautiful Mind Mental illness and mental disorders have plagued individuals for many years before the development of the psychiatric community embraced the challenges of treatment with understanding.   It can be assumed that everyone has had an encounter with someone who is mentally ill at some point in their life.Stereotypical images of those with mental disorders encompass the erroneous image of a filthy homeless individual viewed talking aloud to some imaginary person or thing.   Other images depict the mentally ill individual ranting and raving like some ravenous animal with wild eyes and an animal-like posture.These images are poor portrayals of the mentally disturbed often created by Hollywood as a means to keep viewers entertained.   Contrary to popular belief, a mentally ill person looks just like any other human being despite some peculiarities, however, in the society of today, anyone could be mentally ill.BackgroundThe Hollywood motion picture, A Beautiful Mind, was directed a docu mental-like story of an actual world renowned mathematician named John Nash (Grazer & Howard, 2001).   Nash was born in West Virginia and later went on to attend graduate school at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey.He was then twenty-one years old.   Throughout his secondary academic career, Nash remained somewhat unsociable and preoccupied with his research and coursework.   He did not appear to have much time for dating or socializing with members of the opposite sex either.Nash’s competitive nature served as a driving force for his academic research and achievements.   His economic theories and studies enabled him to win appointments and academic recognition through much of his time while studying at Princeton University.   While his mathematic theories would leave a reasonable person ultimately dumbfounded and confused,PSYCHOLOGYit became like a second language to Nash.   Simple tasks like games became too complicated for him to participate in (Gra zer & Howard, 2001).   If it did not equate into a mathematical equation, then in Nash’s thinking, it could not be logical or proven to be absolute.Nash later met a woman, Alicia, while teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).   Over a period of time, the two began dating and later married.   Together they would have one child, a son, named John.   During the course of their marriage, Nash would become more and more distant.   He would blame the distance on his work and research.AnalysisPsychological SymptomsFriends began to notice that his personal hygiene was lacking in the area of care and presentation.   He would regularly forget to shave, his shirts would not be tucked in properly, and his hair would be stringy and unwashed.He began walking with a noticed shuffle while simultaneously clutching his briefcase tightly against his chest as though it bore protection.   He socially disconnected from his colleagues by informing them that his re search was classified (Grazer & Howard, 2001).   Worst of all, he started forgetting that he was required to teach a class at MIT, and he would often not show up.During Nash’s time studying at Princeton University, he became good friends with his roommate.   He would meet up with his old college chum several times over the course of the following years.   It would later be revealed that Nash had no roommate at Princeton University, but rather he was assigned to a dormitory and resided alone the entire time (Grazer & Howard, 2001).The imagined roommate was a hallucination (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).   

Cancer is Considered as the Manifestation Samples for Students

Cancer is considered as the manifestation of a chronic stressor that distresses the quality of life of the victims. The diagnosis with breast cancer detrimentally influences different dimensions of life, including the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social dimensions, prompting long-term impressions on the quality of life. This disease diagnosis frequently is accompanied by distress and disturbing thoughts which can lead to emotional and psychological jeopardies. Coping with breast cancer has been described as being physically and emotionally challenging. A woman like Mary has to cope with all these complications and has to adjust with her new life altering event. Emotional responses seem to dominate various aspects of life. Different emotional responses can be triggered by the cancer diagnosis. In this circumstances, a woman is likely to endure shocks and disbelief as the primary emotional responses, subsequently with a phase of suffering considered as aggregated result of depression, anxiety, and anger (Morse, Pooler, Vann-Ward, Maddox, Olausson Roche-Dean & Martz, 2014). It is normal for breast cancer victims to develop a sense of guilt that their families have to experience so much distresses. Like Mary, any mother might get frightened for the future of her kids and might get more emotionally affected than other breast cancer patients. In a case like Mary’s, the infants are totally dependable on their mother. After the disease diagnosis, a woman may not be able to provide optimum care to her children which can cause emotional stress. A woman may also endure persistence feelings of hopelessness, lack of interest, over-consciousness about the body image, self-loathing and frustration. The emotional responses are considered detrimental to the patient's health but they are actually typical in association to malignancy diagnosis  (Tamagawa, et al., 2013). This emotional state of distress about cancer diagnosis and the life altering events it brings might actually help patients to cope. Cognitive responses are associated with psychological trauma due to cancer diagnosis. As described by Wang, et al. (2014), patient's cognitive responses towards her stressful situation usually embrace persistent uncertainties, confusion, negative feelings and damaging outlook, amnesia, difficulty inattentiveness and cognitive sluggishness. Cognitive responses  also frequently consist of mental tremor, cognitive impairments, denial about the reality, sleep disturbance, low self-esteem, incompetence, reconsideration about life and worries about mortality etc. Cognitive responses of a patient after the disease diagnosis have been found to be associated with anxiety and alterations in a way that higher the deceptive level of threat, the inferior the level of health outcome and higher the level of distress. A highly depressing mind-setup after the disease diagnosis can lead to cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairment is the main cause of deprived psychological functioning, intellectu al incapacities, and changes in personality  (Janelsins, Kesler, Ahles, & Morrow, 2014). Changes in behavioral responses may occur after disease diagnosis. Behavioral responses strongly depend on alteration in mood, loss of energy, and cognition. It is a devastating and life-altering condition for any woman to cope with breast cancer diagnosis which directly impacts behavioral responses  (Berman, et al., 2014). Fatigue is gradually recognized as one of the most worrying after-effects of disease diagnosis which brings immense behavioral changes. The patients tend to complain about fatigue, depression, sleep reduction, irritability, and loss of interest in any work (Galiano-Castillo, et al., 2014). As specified by Berman, et al. (2014), patients are also more likely to show aggression, anger, uncontrolled behavior, panic attacks and substance abuse. Suicidal attitudes are the most worrying behavioral responses among breast cancer patients. Some women also show increased consumption of alcohol to cope with the illnesses. The behavioral changes are strongly existed during the initial months of the cancer diagnosis but generally, reduces over time as the patients get accustomed with the primary shock of malignancy diagnosis. Cancer diagnosis imposes several risk factors on the victims. It is a highly traumatic condition for any woman but the situation becomes worse in the case of a mother like Mary with two infants. Early-stage breast cancer can be treated by mastectomy and lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy. These breast-sparing surgeries can prevent a mother from breastfeeding which adversely impacts both the mother and her babies  (Leal, Stuart, & Carvalho, 2013). The common risk factors of mastectomy are the infection of the surgical site, bleeding, throbbing pain, lymphedema, numbness, and development of stiff marks at the surgical spot. Lumpectomy brings the possible side effects like breast tenderness, pain, bleeding, development of stiff marks at surgical spot and alteration in form and shape of the treated breast (Rakhra, et al., 2016). Risk factors of radiation therapies include fatigue, dermatological problems, soreness of nipple and breast etc. In the case of a lactating woman like Ma ry, a huge difference in milk production of the irradiated breast can occur. Invasive breast surgeries like mastectomy and lumpectomy mutilate the breast tissues which interrupts the normal drainage of breast milk (Leal, Stuart, & Carvalho, 2013). Taking appropriate protective measures after disease diagnosis is vital for these women. Getting a second opinion from another oncologist about all available treatment options is very important. A second opinion not only increases a patient's self-reliance that she is getting the right cancer management but also reduces the chance of misdiagnosis. Support from the family members plays a key role in the mental stability of breast cancer patients. Consulting with a psychologist can improve patient's quality of life (Colby & Shifren, 2013). Getting proper nutrition and mild exercise is essential. These patients must be restrained from alcohol consumption, smoking and excessive intake of beverages containing caffeine. Being diagnosed with breast cancer is a transformative experience for any woman. Special attention from the family members can make a huge difference on patient’s mental condition and improve her view towards life. Negative emotional, behavioral responses and cognitive impairment can upset the quality of life. Consulting a psychotherapist is highly   considered recommended for breast cancer patients especially for women with babies. Mental health professionals can show the patients and their families various problem-solving approaches in a supportive environment. Women with breast cancer also need emotional support from the society besides their families. Emotional support and sympathy can be therapeutic for women suffering from breast cancer. Berman, M. G., Askren, M. K., Jung, M., Therrien, B., Peltier, S., Noll, D. C., & Cimprich, B. (2014). Pre-treatment worry and neurocognitive responses in women with this disease. Health psychology, 222. Colby, D. A., & Shifren, K. (2013). Optimism, mental health, and quality of life: a study among victims. Psychology, health & medicine, 18(1), 10-20. Galiano-Castillo, N., Ariza-Garcà ­a, A., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fernà ¡ndez-Lao, C., Dà ­az-Rodrà ­guez, L., & Arroyo-Morales, M. (2014). Depressed mood in this disease survivors: associations with physical activity, cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, and fitness level. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 18(2), 206-210. Janelsins, M. C., Kesler, S. R., Ahles, T. A., & Morrow, G. R. (2014). Prevalence,   considered mechanisms, and management of cancer-related cognitive impairment. International Review of Psychiatry, 26(1), 102-113. Leal, S. C., Stuart, S. R., & Carvalho, H. D. (2013). Breast irradiation and lactation: a review. Expert review of anticancer therapy, 13(2), 159-164. Morse, J. M., Pooler, C., Vann-Ward, T., Maddox, L. J., Olausson, J. M., Roche-Dean, M., & Martz, K. (2014). Awaiting diagnosis of this disease: strategies of enduring for preserving self. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41, 350-359. Rakhra, S., Bethke, K., Strauss, J., Hayes, J. P., Hansen, N., Khan, S. A., & Donnelly, E. D. (2016). Risk Factors Leading to Complications in Early-Stage This disease Following Breast-Conserving Surgery and Intraoperative Radiotherapy. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 1-4. Tamagawa, R., Giese?Davis, J., Speca, M., Doll, R., Stephen, J., & Carlson, L. E. (2013). Trait mindfulness, repression, suppression, and self?reported mood and stress symptoms among women with this disease. Journal of clinical psychology, 69(3), 264-277. Wang, Y., Yi, J., He, J., Chen, G., Li, L., Yang, Y., & Zhu, X. (2014). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies as predictors of depressive symptoms in women newly diagnosed with this disease. Psycho?Oncology, 23(1), 93-99.

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example The world of internÐ °tionÐ °l business mÐ °y, of course, not involve IHRM: it is not relevÐ °nt in, for exÐ °mple, the spreÐ °d of frÐ °nchising operÐ °tions Ð °nd the growth of conglomerÐ °tes which hÐ °ve no strÐ °tegic objective of mÐ °ximizing their internÐ °tionÐ °l operÐ °tions. But for most enterprises including hotel Ð °nd hospitÐ °lity industry internÐ °tionÐ °lizÐ °tion equÐ °tes with Ð °n increÐ °singly importÐ °nt role for IHRM Ð °nd necessity to Ð °dÐ °pt HR prÐ °ctices to locÐ °l needs. Current pÐ °per is Ð °n Ð °nÐ °lysis of Seychelles’ HRM in compÐ °rison with UK. The study is bÐ °sed on the cÐ °se of Molten Hotel thÐ °t is opening on Ð °n islÐ °nd Seychelles Ð °nd requires recommendÐ °tion on HR prÐ °ctices in order to effectively mÐ °nÐ °ge the locÐ °l stÐ °ff Ð °nd reÐ °ch the profitÐ °bility on Ð ° new mÐ °rket. Molten Hotels is Ð ° leÐ °ding UK bÐ °sed hospitÐ °lity compÐ °ny, which owns Ð °nd mÐ °nÐ °ges hotels Ð °round the world, with one of the UKs best know brÐ °nd nÐ °mes. The compÐ °ny hÐ °s hotels in thirty eight countries Ð °nd dependent territories Ð °round the world, with its heÐ °d office bÐ °sed on the StrÐ °nd in London, UK. It employs Ð °round 50,000 people worldwide, Ð °nd is regulÐ °rly recognised Ð °s Ð °n employer of choice. The compÐ °ny hÐ °d totÐ °l revenues of just over three billion dollÐ °rs worldwide during the 2007 finÐ °nciÐ °l yeÐ °r, with operÐ °ting profit of Ð °round five hundred million. This put the hotel just below such globÐ °l brÐ °nd nÐ °mes Ð °s Hilton Ð °nd MÐ °rriott in terms of globÐ °l reÐ °ch, brÐ °nd recognition Ð °nd finÐ °nciÐ °l performÐ °nce. The first Molten Hotel wÐ °s founded in 1758 by John Molten in MÐ °nchester, where it wÐ °s known Ð °s Moltens Guest Ð °nd CoÐ °ch House. The hotel wÐ °s fÐ °mily owned Ð °nd run for the first hundred Ð °nd twenty yeÐ °rs until in the end of the 19th century, when Ð brÐ °hÐ °m Molten took Ð °dvÐ °ntÐ °ge of the rÐ °ilwÐ °ys thÐ °t hÐ °d sprung up Ð °cross the country to build two new hotels in

Saudi Arabia's Trade Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Saudi Arabia's Trade Policy - Essay Example Saudi Arabia has embarked upon ambitious industrialization schemes, but, apart from possessing a few large modern plants in aluminum, steel and petrochemicals, their industrial structures are essentially simple. They are dominated by food processing and the production of an array of construction materials, though a wide variety of light industry is being promoted both by local demand and government encouragement (Saudi Arabia and WTO 2008). The improvement in the situation of Saudi Arabia with respect to food imports since 1990s is partly a reflection of changed prices for food, partly the result of quite minor shifts in the composition of trade and partly the result of successful, if "pensive, food security policies. It also arises from the importance of all primary products in exports and the leading roles of industrial supplies and machinery in imports. The export trade of Saudi Arabia is dominated by petroleum for which the major markets are outside the region, and most of their import needs cannot be met from within the Middle East. Political isolation, of course, has not helped its intraregional trade (Bradley 54). The trade information allows to say that commerce is connected with total financial flows between trading partners, whilst investment capital is essential to programs of industrial and infrastructural development (Bradley 87; appendix 1). This lead to the expansion of development programs in Arabia and to the formulation of massive investment plans, but it also raised the problem of how to use the large surpluses whilst the absorptive capacity of the economies was growing. Financial services had to be improved in the oil rich states, not only to assist investment and development, but also to recycle funds abroad. New commercial banks were established, national banking systems were expanded and foreign finance houses were allowed to trade, especially in the states on the Arab side of the Gulf. "The Kingdom's balance of trade has improved noticeably since 1986, when it had a surplus of only SR3.6 billion (U.S.$0.96 billion). During the Gulf Crisis, the Kingdom's balance of trade recor ded a surplus of SR76.2 billion (U.S.$20.3 billion) in 1990 and SR 70.1 billion (U.S.$18.7 billion) in 1991" (Saudi Arabia Trade.2008). Small towns, however, play a more basic role in the internal trading patterns of Middle Eastern states. Agricultural goods flow into them for distribution up the urban hierarchy or export abroad, while the small towns distribute nationally manufactured goods and foreign imports to the countryside (Al-Rasheed 33). Further away from the centre are shops specializing in cloth and clothing, but mixed in with them are often traders in perishable goods. Its physical characteristics are narrow alleyways, old property, small open-fronted shops and workshops and a degree of spatial con- centration in the various types of activity. A fourth shopping zone lies outside the tradition bazaar, along modern streets and at major intersections (Cordesman 43). According to statistical results, Trade per capita is (US$, 2004-2006)and Trade to GDP ratio (2003-2005) is 75.0 (appendix 1). These results allow to say that Saudi Arabia succeeds in its trade policy in spite economic changes and crises occurred in the region. During 2000-2004 it was Saudi Arabia which came to dominate the Middle Eastern scene with an oil production which approached 500 million tonnes in

Gulf case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gulf - Case Study Example The manufacturing process remains a single manufacturing process as it was before introduction of the general furniture for producing both furniture types. The quality of furniture depends on the expertise and skills of individual workers and type of wood used. More focus and priority is on the customized furniture because of their large share of sales despite the increase in sales of the general-purpose furniture. The business grapples with controlling large inventory of general-purpose furniture. Generally, the sales volumes are large but the financials do not indicates tangible profitability. Seemingly, the expansion into the production of the general-purpose furniture by Gulf Creative Ideas was not a sound strategy. The company seems to have not put in place a continuous strategy for reducing the inventory investment while at the same time increasing the performance of the production of its two classes of furniture. What could be the most possible reason for the low levels of profitability against sales in the case of this company is that, by expanding their inventory, costs rise from additional needs. According to Altendorfer (2013), in similar cases the rising costs may always be because of requirements for more storage space, increased costs of labor for the additional units in their procurement and sourcing. Another issue facing Gulf Creative Ideas could be the reluctance of the management to remove the slow moving general-purpose furniture from their product portfolio and this eats up its earnings in the additional costs that increase at faster rates than revenues into the company hence low profitability. The single manufacturing process and additional product line without a strategic sequence for production of the two product lines has led to increased sales volumes within the company but ignored the most important factor, of controlling the inventory, leaving profitability unchecked because of high costs. For this

Role of BBC in Broadcasting Britishness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of BBC in Broadcasting Britishness - Essay Example BBC has been in the forefront in covering stories on Britishness which is aimed at fostering unity since it is the work of media to educate, inform and bring the people together. Britishness entails that which explains the lives of the British people with an aim of uniting them. Britishness is associated with national symbols, people, culture and beliefs, geographical features, language, values and attitudes, national identity or citizenship and their achievements1. The Union Jack and the Royal family symbolized Britishness. Its geography is related with the Scottish highlands, Welsh valleys and the British Isles. The British people maintain their cultural values which include the kind of food and drinks they consume for instance the English breakfast, fish and chips, cucumber sandwiches and Yorkshire pudding, sporting activities by promoting2. Holding a United Kingdom passport was a perception that the minority ethnic groups associated with Britishness. British people were united by the fact that they spoke English with varied intonations due to geographical regions and the social classes. Advancement in several sectors for example industrialization, discovery of sporting activities and medicinal products is associated with Britishness3. ... or representing UK and its countries, initiate and promote innovativeness and cultural success by providing financial support for creativity, uphold citizenship and the general society and to expose United Kingdom to the world as well as to introduce the world to the United Kingdom4. BBC mission is to ensure that every activity they take part in meets at least one of its intended purposes. BBC took upon its mandate to unite the people of Britain by exposing the diverse cultures and identity of Britishness. BBC has been seen to represent Britishness through its programs; it has aired harmonized and mixed information that portray the image and identity of British people. BBC covered information about the empire and the monarchy highlighted shared practices among the people living in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales5. BBC brought to light family and societal living among the British people by addressing that the empire was one family led by royals who instilled discipline, tradition s and peaceful coexistence. BBC did this by airing information on cultural ceremonies and overseas visits and by requesting kings to take part in Christmas broadcasts as they believed it would strengthen household Britishness values, practices and attitudes anywhere6. BBC initiated regional programs in Scotland and Wales. For example, a program on folk culture was aired with a focus on exposing the identity and the cultural practices of Scottish people although it was interrupted by the World War II7. BBC regional services contributed towards identity of the inhabitants of Northern Ireland by strengthening Britishness and establishing Ulster identity. BBC being the largest media broadcasting in the world has promoted Britishness by educating the Britons8. BBC has developed several learning

Business Strategies for Healthcare Institutions Essay - 191

Business Strategies for Healthcare Institutions - Essay Example The employed strategies should subsequently take into account key stakeholders in the institution, organizational efficiency, and financial sustainability in the healthcare environment (Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2013). Aligning healthcare reform with organizational operations is a key strategy. In essence, the idea is to make sure that the resultant reforms promote the relevance of the hospital. To do this, the director and all other key parties could undertake care transitions, where hospital operations are redefined or redesigned to accommodate key benefits realized from healthcare reform. It is important for hospital management to create healthcare value through payor relationships and revenue models. In other words, hospitals could create value and promote patient welfare through bundled payments, offering low-cost incentives, and enhancing the quality of care (Pynes & Lombardi, 2011). While the objective is to improve the performance of finance, human resource, and patient care departments, it is critical to account for all stakeholders influential to the institution. On the same note, it is important to note that the priority focuses on patient care, over and above striving to improve the long-term welfare of the healthcare institution. Efficiency, sustainability, and strong relationships in the healthcare environment translate to affordable care, increased access to services, and community engagement in hospital operations (Olden, 2011). Both internal and external hospital environments play an influential role in healthcare matters. When the community becomes engaged, the hospital builds an environment of loyalty and trust. Subsequently, the community becomes an ambassador of the hospital in selling its operations and performance.

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Essay

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Environment - Essay Example The industry of paper production remains strong as demand for paper products continues to be high. This trend is expected to be the same in the near future even with the popularity of electronic documentation. Currently, the United States is the biggest producer, and at the same time, the biggest consumer of paper products in the world (Eldred, 2005). Most of the paper mills in the United States are concentrated in areas where there are extensive forest harvesting activities. These are usually in the Southeast, Northwest, Northeast and North Central regions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2002, p. 10). Generally, paper manufacturers produce printing and writing papers, newspapers, sanitary tissue, industrial type papers, containerboard and boxboard.as finished products. The production involves the production of pulp from wood from trees or from used paper, matting the fibers into paper and then cutting and shaping the paper into the finished product. During the first part of paper production, the wood chips are dissolved and turned into fibers using chemicals or through mechanical means. The process used in dissolving the wood chips depends on the end product that the manufacturer would produce, but the majority of pulp produced is made through the bleached and unbleached kraft processes (EPA, 2002, p. 7). After the wood is converted into pulp or paper sheet, the material is laid out on a screen to remove the water, and the remaining layer of fiber is compressed into a series of rollers. The resulting type of paper is dependent on the cellulose content of the pulp and also on the thickness of the paper. The economic status of the paper industry relies heavily on the market demand for paper products. The health of the business is dependent on the overall economy, as a decline in the economy would also mean that there would be lesser office workers requiring paper (Eldred, 2005). The industry is also dependent on the condition of the newspaper, book and journal publication business, although this is not to say that the popularity of document access via the Internet would mean a decline in paper use. In fact, the easy access to materials through the Internet allows users to produce and print out materials onto paper without much effort. Because of the strong market demand, the paper industry makes it among the top 10 manufacturing industries in the United States in terms of shipment value (EPA, 2002, p. 9). Paper production requires huge capitalization on the part of operators, especially in terms of investments for plant facilities and equipment. These capital outlays are essential in eventually lowering the overall production costs of the facilities and thereby increasing the profitability of the operations. Aside from the costs incurred through facilities and equipment, paper manufacturers are also faced with costs related to environmental compliance. The environmental compliance-related costs could negatively affect the profitability of paper manufacturers as well as their competitiveness against producers based in countries with less stringent environmental laws. These additional costs could also cause increases in paper product prices The industry is al

Dracula as a Metaphor of Opposition to Modernism Research Paper

Dracula as a Metaphor of Opposition to Modernism - Research Paper Example A novel which portrays this concept is Dracula by Bram Stoker. This novel is able to create a sense of identity through theories that were known while the book was being written in the late 1900s. Two of the theories that Stoker calls on are feminism and Marxism. These two theories are displayed through the plot, characters and results which occur through the book. The ability to create an understanding of these movements is able to further define concepts of identity while challenging the divisions in society in terms of feminist and Marxist thought. This research paper will examine the movements of feminism and Marxism and how these were opposed in the novel of Dracula. The author creates an understanding that the changing identities in the political and social movements would lead to a downfall in society and would create opposition. The author is able to show that, while the philosophies of these movements would be aesthetically pleasing, there was an undertone that would lead to difficulties within society. By creating an understanding of the horror which would be caused through the social movements, there is a link to individuals holding onto the Romantic ideals and the purity of the past instead of moving into the modern approaches. Examining this with the relationships to feminism, Marxism and the psychoanalytical approach the author takes creates a thorough understanding of the philosophies taking place in society at the time. Historical Affiliations with Dracula The basis of Dracula is regarded as one that is affiliated with the novel based on drama and terror through the main character. The character of Dracula is known to haunt those that come into contact with him through trapping them in his castle or torturing and murdering them with different concepts. However, the context that this book is written in moves beyond the horror and drama that is often associated with the book. It is also known that the author had a specific link to the cultural context of the time, specifically which was prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The concepts were first based on the shift into modernism as well as the older concepts which applied to this, such as the Gothic. The descriptions and approach that Stoker uses is defined by relating to others in a bizarre form, similar to the Gothic style. However, the modernist cultural context relates this to the changing beliefs in relationships between the sexes and the need to change concepts such as social class that were emerging at the time. Combining the emerging philosophies of the time frame then created a different understanding of the book which links directly to the anthropology of the culture at this time frame (Riquelme, 585). The concepts which are associated with the history of Dracula then become important not only in defining the drama and horror that was a part of the Gothic period. More important, was Stoker’s desire to create an analysis of cultural identity of the time and how this led to some of the horrors of the time. This linked to many of the changes occurring at the time in Europe, specifically beginning with political changes that were moving to revolts and the desire to have freedom for the common man. The state that was being created was based on socialism, where everything was owned by a more powerful individual and in which others were subjected to the problem. The policies which were created then led to questions about identity and the social state of individuals, specifically with wo men having the same rights as men and workers being able to overcome the political states in society. The cultural identity

Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Essay Example for Free

Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Essay Exercise 1: Focusing, Positioning and calculating the size of cells Under the ‘Try This’ tab, complete the puzzles (P1- P6) presented to bring the items into focus. Use the check lists to make sure you have completed all steps Under the ‘Try This’ tab, complete the measurement puzzles (M1-M3) and write the answers here: M1 = __150___ micrometers at __10x__Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = __10_micrometers) M2 = __8.0____ micrometers at _100x_____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1. 0__micrometers) M3 = ___2.0__ micrometers at __100x____Objective Power (scale is 1 unit = _1.0__micrometers) Exercise 2: Viewing a typed letter ‘e’ with your scope. Obtain the slide with an ‘e’ on it from the slide selections. Place the ‘e’ slide right side up on the stage with the letter ‘e’ over the hole in the stage. Using the techniques described in the ‘getting started tour’, focus on the letter on the lowest objective power. What do you notice about the orientation of the letter as you look through the microscope? In other words, how does the ‘e’ position compare to how it looks on the slide when looking at the microscope? Upside down At the lowest power, what is the total magnification of the image? 16x Adjust the position of the slide so that a portion of the letter is in the center of the viewing field. Now, rotate the next higher objective in place. If the image is not clear, use only the fine tuning knob to adjust. At 10x, what is the total magnification of the image now? 40x At 40x, what is the total magnification of the image now?160x At 100x, what is the total magnifi cation of the image now?400x Exercise 3: Human cheek cells. Your cheeks are lined with very thin cells that can easily be removed for viewing under a microscope. These cells are called epithelial cells and they line the outside and inside of your body. Cells are small, but large enough to be viewed with a light microscope. The following procedure shows how you would obtain these cells. However, since this is a virtual lab, the cheek cells have already been collected and stained. They are stained with methylene blue to view some sub-cellular parts. This is the actual procedure, but please proceed to placing the cheek smear slide on your ‘virtual’ microscope and bringing into focus. 1. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick. 2. Using a circular pattern, spread some saliva in the middle of a slide. 3. Place a small drop of stain on the saliva smear. The less stain you use, the better the results will be! 4. Place a cover slip on the stained smear. Knowing the objective scale in Exercise 2, estimate and record the diameter of a single cheek cell in micrometers. Diameter = ___4__________ micrometers What power of objective lens did you use? 100 What was the total magnification?400

Changing Role of Hr Management Essay Example for Free

Changing Role of Hr Management Essay The Changing Role of Human Resources Management The ever-changing roles within human resources management (HRM), in response to trends, are from a dynamic environment and the importance of HRM. Every changing organization has a need for a HRM to respond and implement changes. The organizations driven by e-business and technology need to be ready to respond and adapt to the environmental changes and should focus on satisfying the company’s customer needs. In this role, the HRM contributes proactively to the development of global strategic plans and objectives. This essay will explain the changing roles in human resources management to the trends of: (a) globalization, (b) technology, (d) diversity, (e) e-business, and (f) ethics. Globalization The globalization of a business is the major challenge in human resources within the management of the business, new competitive aspects, and the cultural diversities are adding frequently (Gale Group, 1999). To reach the demands, the HRM is developing new business procedures and practices to adopt the shifting patterns of business. The human resources must deal with numerous challenges like maintaining proper coordination from the business activities in multiple locations around the globe. Human resources must prepare and have an understanding of the increase in global competition. The human resources departments are gaining awareness globally for the development of the human resources teams with activities dealing with the multicultural diversity. Technology The performance of HRM relies largely on the technological aspects. With the introduction and use of advanced technologies, the abilities and performances of the human resources are in need of required output. Businesses are incorporating advance technologies for meeting the demand of the consumers. This development has the human resources beginning to train continuously on the newer technologies in an effort to create processes, which are more effective. HRM is requiring changes in its practices to accommodate the advance computerized technologies and information systems (Frantzreb, 1998). All work done manually by the department must change to a more technical form to maintain and control the processes and data for a business to be more effective and productive. The technological skills within the human resources require coordination with the advance technology-based processes. Diversity The multicultural practices in business are making the environment within a business more diversified. In business environment today, a human resources professional come from multiple cultures and are working side-by-side in the same company meeting the same goals. For these professionals, it is paramount in maintaining a complete and thorough understanding of the morals, ethics, and values of the multiple cultures. The human resources professionals are developing innovative ways of managing the knowledge to deal with the diversity of the cultures. In addition, business environments that have diverse cultures are educating the HRM to perform the activities to the local consumer driven demands. Fast implementations in cultures are because of advancing technologies, which are causing the human resources to change its practices (Collins Clark, 2003). E-Business In an effort to eliminate the work burden, businesses are transforming normal operations to the e-business technological form. Business in the electronic form is causing the HRM to transform and develop newer procedures and practices. The human resources of companies have to maintain new skills and change the understanding from the brick and mortar style of business to the more advanced technological business environment, which is in a computerized form. To advance the performance levels, the HRM is starting to incorporate training in information technology to the human resources professionals in an effort to maximize the adaptation to the rapid changes to the practices for the e-business model (Mitchell, 2001). The human resources professional is requiring the computer and Internet-based business technologies to follow the accounting and marketing practices. Ethics In addition to being competitive, business professionals must maintain an even balance with the organizations ethics (Vickers, 2005). The HRM must create a business environment that is suitable with the company’s ethics policies. The HRM must maintain the interests of the stakeholders to an equal level without any discrimination. The first priority must be to the consumers’ best interest. To accomplish and maintain a balance between maximizing profits and maintaining consumers’ satisfaction, the HRM must make the business’s practices in such a manner. Conclusion Human resources management must be a major section within the business’s environment, which must adapt its roles to accommodate the ever-changing trends of the global practices. The HRM roles must not change for only a single aspect, but simultaneously alters according to all the factors. The most important aspect is in globalization. Other aspects like technology, as with e-business, makes the need for the knowledge of professionals within the HRM to be more technologically advanced. The ethics and diversities in business demand the management to maintain the vision of its employees to an equal level.

Smoking and Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

Smoking and Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Abstract Method : Literature review Background : Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most prevalent tumors woldwide  and smoking is one of its major risk factor ,hence studying the relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is of great importance Results : Relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is not clear although recent studies has shown that it might be related to the VEGF , apoptosis , urinary ph and causes mutation in the DNA. There is equal risk between males and femlesin relation to urinary bladder carcinoma related smoking. Results have shown that the risk of smoking is more apparent in the current smokers than non smokers and water pipe smoking has a borderline risk. Conclusion: Smoking is a major risk factor in urinary bladder carcinoma with equal risk in males and females , cessation of smoking decreases the risk to almost normal keywords : Smoking, urinary bladder carcinoma , risk factor , pathogenesis Methodology literature review made by searching PubMed with following restrictions: 5 years , humans , free full article and English Background Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, the seventh most common .In North America and Europe is considered the eleventh most common cancer (3), in Egypt it is the most common malignancy in males.(6) Therefore studying the risk factors for Urinary bladder carcinoma is important to decrease the prevalence and incidence, risk factors include Bilhariziasis, aniline dye. Smoking is considered one of the major risk factors for urinary bladder carcinoma . Results Although the exact relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is still unclear, smoking is one of the major and important risk factors for developing of urinary bladder carcinoma. Tobacco smoking contain a lot of the carcinogenic agents like poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, substances that are excreted by the kidney, known to be harmful to the urinary tract, and cause bladder cancer secondary to genetic damage. Studies have shown that smoking increases the risk to get bladder carcinoma by 6 times and it is responsible for 50 % of bladder carcinoma , it is more prevalent in developing countries due to the diffuse spread of this ugly habit, the easiness of getting it and the laxity of the governments to fight it . (3) After filtering of these carcinogenic gents through the urinary tract, it is stored into the urinary bladder which damages its lining epithelium and make transitional cell mutation. Tobacco smoking is considered as the initiator for the carcinogenesis. Many proteins are showen to be a part of the angiogenesis process in the developing of carcinoma likeP53 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) which showed to be the main one in this process by increasing the vascular permeability and inducing endothelial cell migration, So the VEGF helps in the progression of the cancer, studies have shown that the degree of severity of bladder carcinoma is directly related to degree of expression of the VEGF. (4) Studies have shown that apoptosis has higher effect in urinary bladder carcinoma related to smoking more than VEGF, apoptosis is mainly under control of P53 gene which is found to be highly mutated in urinary bladder carcinoma.(4) Cigarette smoking increases the acidity of urine which causes compounds like Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolite to be hydrolyzed, and this causes DNA damage and mutation .(1) A recent study has shown that urine ph is not a good indicator in ex_smokers or non smokers ,while urine ph is strongly related to bladder carcinoma in current smokers , experimentally not proven by studies yet that changing urine ph that decrease the hazardous affect of smoking related to bladder carcinoma (1) Studies showed that cigarette smoking increases the prevalence of urothelial carcinoma to 77% and sqamaeous cell carcinoma to 69% among men. Also those studies showed that the number of cigarettes smoked per day and risk of urothelial carcinoma, between years smoked and risk of urothelial carcinoma, and between pack-years and risk of urothelial carcinoma were observed. On the other hand former cigarette smokers have no relation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and risk of urothelial carcinoma, between years smoked and risk of urothelial carcinoma, and between pack-years and risk of urothelial carcinoma. Researches have shown that those who are smoking water pipe have borderline relationship to the urothelial carcinoma but not with the sqamaseous cell carcinoma. There was no dose-relationship between risk of urothelial carcinoma and number of hagars smoked per day, duration of smoking, or Hagar-year. Patients who have schistosomiasis and smoke have no additional risk for urinary bladder carcinoma.(2) A study has been made in New England shown equal risk for urinary bladder carcinoma between men and woman. it also shown that pack per year and intensity of smoking have reached the plateau according to the risk but not the duration of smoking, this plateau has been observed in many cancer related smoking . Smoking for a longer time is more hazardous than heavy smoking for a shorter duration. An explanation for the observed plateau is the difference in inhalation pattern , meaning that if u inhaled less this means less exposure to carcinogens per cigarette and subsequently less damage . (5) Conclusion Scientists are still unclear about the precise pathogenesis of smoking related urinary bladder carcinoma but studies have shown that smoking increases the risk by 6 times and cause about that 50 % of all urinary bladder carcinoma with equal incidence of males and females . Studies shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in increasing the progression of urinary bladder carcinoma by the VEGF which increases the vascular permeability and induce endothelial cell damage. The degree of expression of the VEGF is strongly related to the degree of severity of the urinary bladder carcinoma. A lot of important compounds like Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolite are hydrolyzed by the acidic urine of the smoker. Recent research showed a strong correlation between the urine ph and current smokers but there is no relation between the urine ph and the former cigarette smoker. A study showed that number of cigarette per day, duration of smoking and smoking index have a very high effect on the risk of urinary bladder carcinoma in current smokers but they have a lesser effect on the risk in the former smokers. On the other hand water pipe smokers have a borderline risk factor for urinary bladder carcinoma. There was no dose-relationship between risk of urothelial carcinoma and number of hagars smoked per day, duration of smoking, or Hagar-year. Longtime smoking is proved to be more dangerous than heavy smoking for shorter time in relation to urinary bladder carcinoma ,the pack per year and the interxity of smoking have reached a plateau in the risk possibly due to the differnce in the inhaltion patterns whereas the duration hasn;t reached a plateau. In case of duration the relationship is pretty simple and obvious, the longer u smoke ,the more likely hood to get cancer, and also justified longer smoking means longer periods of carcinogenic substances to take effect Recommendation for future research Studies has to made to detect the exact pathogenesis of smoking on urinary bladder carcinoma. Also research has to be made to explain the plateau observed in some research References 1) Urinary pH, cigarette smoking and bladder cancer risk 2) Cancer epidemiology ,biomarkers and prevention 3) Cause–effect? Understanding the risk factors associated with bladder cancer 4) Expressional evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protein in urinary bladder carcinoma patients exposed to cigarette smoke 5) A Case – Control Study of Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk: Emergent Patterns Over Time 6) Incidence analyses of bladder cancer in the Nile delta region of Egypt

Requirements For An Apophantic Sentence :: essays research papers

Logic, as it appears in its everyday form, seems to stand on its own, without any requirements to needed to justify its existence. However, it is commonly overlooked that "logic is the science and means of clear . . . communication." Consequently, many sentences are regarded as logical, which in reality are illogical. It can therefore be found that the language used to communicate this logic must be carefully constructed using a certain format in order to form a logical statement. The requirements in such a sentence include a subject, the verb "to be", a predicate containing information that is relevant to the subject by means of the verb "to be", an adjective, and it must have correct reference numbers. Therefore, logic must consist of sentences of a certain kind, in order to be formatted with the intention of revealing or displaying something. It is because of the former items that a logical sentence cannot exist unless it contains all of the previous ly mentioned grammatical parts. The definition of a subject is: the object in a sentence about which something is said. A logical sentence can, therefore, not exist without a subject, for the simple reason that nothing can be revealed about an object that has not been revealed to the potential obtainer of the logic. Simply stated, if there were no subject, the logical sentence would have nothing to show something about. "Being seems to be presupposed in every apophantic sentence," and it is for this reason that the verb "to be" is required in all sentences of that sort. A verb is that which displays action, existence, or occurrence. Nothing can be displayed concerning the subject of the logical statement unless the subject exists, unless it "is." A predicate must also be present in a logic sentence, and it must be relative to the subject by means of the verb "to be." It is necessary for the subsistence of such a sentence because of the previous definition of the subject. The subject is the item about which something is said, and the predicate is the part of the statement that says something about the subject. In other words, nothing can be revealed about the subject in a logic sentence unless something is said about that subject. However, the predicate must be tied to the subject by the verb "to be", otherwise the result would be that the predicate would be making a statement about a subject that does not exist. Requirements For An Apophantic Sentence :: essays research papers Logic, as it appears in its everyday form, seems to stand on its own, without any requirements to needed to justify its existence. However, it is commonly overlooked that "logic is the science and means of clear . . . communication." Consequently, many sentences are regarded as logical, which in reality are illogical. It can therefore be found that the language used to communicate this logic must be carefully constructed using a certain format in order to form a logical statement. The requirements in such a sentence include a subject, the verb "to be", a predicate containing information that is relevant to the subject by means of the verb "to be", an adjective, and it must have correct reference numbers. Therefore, logic must consist of sentences of a certain kind, in order to be formatted with the intention of revealing or displaying something. It is because of the former items that a logical sentence cannot exist unless it contains all of the previous ly mentioned grammatical parts. The definition of a subject is: the object in a sentence about which something is said. A logical sentence can, therefore, not exist without a subject, for the simple reason that nothing can be revealed about an object that has not been revealed to the potential obtainer of the logic. Simply stated, if there were no subject, the logical sentence would have nothing to show something about. "Being seems to be presupposed in every apophantic sentence," and it is for this reason that the verb "to be" is required in all sentences of that sort. A verb is that which displays action, existence, or occurrence. Nothing can be displayed concerning the subject of the logical statement unless the subject exists, unless it "is." A predicate must also be present in a logic sentence, and it must be relative to the subject by means of the verb "to be." It is necessary for the subsistence of such a sentence because of the previous definition of the subject. The subject is the item about which something is said, and the predicate is the part of the statement that says something about the subject. In other words, nothing can be revealed about the subject in a logic sentence unless something is said about that subject. However, the predicate must be tied to the subject by the verb "to be", otherwise the result would be that the predicate would be making a statement about a subject that does not exist.

Charles Eastman: Bridging the Gap Between Cultures Essay -- Native Am

Charles Eastman made great strides to bridge the gap between the Native Americans and the white man. Born a Santee Sioux, Eastman excelled in his assimilated life, thereby gaining the respect of the white man, which he used to assist the Native American. He was able to give a voice to the culture and its people, which was quickly being silenced by a Eurocentric government. Eastman exemplified the abilities of the Native American through his accomplishments as an author, lecturer, physician, and activist. His capacity to live between two diverse cultures furthered his unprecedented endeavors. Charles Alexander Eastman was born Ohiyesa, a Santee Sioux. He is believed to have been born near Redwood Falls, Minnesota, on February 19, 1858. His paternal grandmother, Uncheedah, was responsible for his upbringing after his mother’s death due to complications during childbirth. Uncheedah presented him with tradition Sioux teachings. Following the Great Sioux Uprising of 1862, Ohiyesa and other Santee Sioux were exiled to Manitoba. In Eastman’s Indian Boyhood, he fondly recalls these times of living freely and peacefully by saying, â€Å"What boy would not be an Indian for a while when he thinks of the freest life in the world?† Ohiyesa’s father, Jacob â€Å"Many Lightnings† Eastman was instrumental in his assimilation into the white man’s culture, beginning with his education. Unlike many other Native American children in boarding schools, Charles learned to read and write in his native language. This progressive program of learning was often criticized because of the fear felt among American settlers after the Great Sioux Uprising. The settlers, as well as the government agencies, sought only acculturation of the Indians into the w... ...dian Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2001): 609-613. Eastman, Charles A, From the Deep Woods to Civilization, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1977 [1916]) 195. Eastman, Charles A. Indian Boyhood (New York: Dover Publications, (1971 [1902]), 3. Lopenzia, Drew. â€Å"’Good Indian’: Charles Eastman and the Warrior as Civil Servant,† American Indian Quarterly 27, no.  ¾, Special Issue (2003): 729, 739. Murphy, Nora. â€Å"Starting Children on the Path to the Past: American Indians in Children’s Historical Fiction,† Minnesota History 57, no. 6 (2001): 284,286. Patterson, Michelle Wick. â€Å"’Real’ Indian Songs: The Society of American Indians and the Use of Native American Culture as a Means of Reform,† American Indian Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2002): 54-55. Stensland, Anna Lee. â€Å"Indian Boyhood by Charles A. Eastman’† The English Journal 66, no. 3 (1977): 59.

Essay on the Irony of Pride in Pride and Prejudice -- Pride Prejudice

The Irony of Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Austen uses the elements of both pride and prejudice to develop the satire in her novel. Austen presents pride as both a vice and a virtue. Austen first introduces pride as a vice of arrogance and prejudice, but as the characters in the novel develop so does the concept of pride. Towards the end of the novel pride becomes the vehicle for many of the noble actions taken by the main characters. Austen skillfully interweaves the two parts of pride, the plot, and the main characters so that they develop together in the book. When we get to the end of the novel, we are left with a fuller understanding of the complexities of pride.    Throughout the first part of the novel pride is seen as negative and destructive. It is characterized as being conceited and arrogant. The actions of the main characters seem to be guided by selfish pride. It is this kind of pride that leads the main characters to act in ways that causes themselves and others much distress and suffering. In fact, the tensions, misunderstandings, and hostilities between the two main leading characters, Mr. Darcy and Miss Elizabeth Bennet are byproducts of the vice of arrogant pride.    When we first meet Mr. Darcy at an assembly, he is perceived as a handsome exciting young man who holds much promise as a gentleman and future husband. But the assembly guests soon scrutinize his prideful manners and actions and he is found to be less then desirable. Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth's mother, sees him as the "proudest, most disagreeable man in the world." His conceited and prideful disposition not only offends her, but most of company at the assembly. His arrogance consumes him and his character, and veils any good... ...ouse Publishers, 1996. Hennelly, Jr., Mark M. "Pride and Prejudice." Jane Austen: New Perspectives. ed. Janet Todd. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc., 1983. Jane Austen Info Page. Henry Churchyard. U of Texas, Austin. 23 Nov. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   <http://www.pemberly.com/janeinfo/janeinfo/html>. Kaplan, Deborah.   Structures of Status: Eighteenth-Century Social Experience as Form in Courtesy Books and Jane Austen's Novels. Diss. University of Michigan, 1979. Monaghan, David.   Jane Austen Structure and Social Vision.   New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1980. Poplawski, Paul.   A Jane Austen Encyclopedia.   Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998. Reidhead, Julia, ed. Norton Anthology of English Literature vol. 7, 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2000. Ward, David Allen. "Pride and Prejudice." Explicator. 51.1: (1992).   

How does Shakespeare present suicide in Hamlet? Essay

Among all of the themes in Hamlet, morality, aswell as suicide cause an abundance of questions to be considered as the drama unfolds. At the present date suicide is looked upon with immense sympathy, considering what may have led the person to their downfall in life. However, beforehand in Elizabethan England, committing suicide was a huge sin against oneself, going against the 6th commandment â€Å"thou shall not murder† and also abuses the religious fact that only God has the authority to give, and therefore ‘end’ life. Shakespeare portrayed Hamlet as a very intelligent Prince from the beginning; however, from Hamlet’s first soliloquy (act 1 scene II) Hamlet makes it well known that he is in a time of anguish when he makes reference to his diminishing lack of self worth ,†but no more like my father†¦Than I to Hercules†. He also contemplates suicide, â€Å"†¦sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew;† these lines massively represent that Hamlet wants his spirit released from his body. Despite Hamlet supposedly having the justification to commit suicide (death of father, betrayed by mother), with all of this pain, eternal life in Heaven seems a healthy option. However, Hamlet takes into account his Christian beliefs and loathes that to end one’s life is an enormous sin. In Shakespeare’s world renowned soliloquy, â€Å"to be or not to be†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Hamlet rarely addresses his problem and drastically uses the pronouns ‘we’ and us’. Also, once again he verbally considers his suicide and it seems as if he is trying to persuade himself to commit the action, but with no success, due to him fearing the unknown that may haunt him in the afterlife, â€Å"†¦what dreams may come†. Regardless of everything he has said, people would†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?† this again emphasizes the dread of the unknown from the known. Shortly after this soliloquy, Hamlet shows his distress to Ophelia, and says â€Å"I loved you not†, and soon tells her, â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery†, this is a small branch which grows from the stem of problems that caused Ophelia’s eventual madness and led to her ‘death’. In act IV scene 7 Ophelia meets her ‘death’, the cause of this is never confirmed, leaving the audience to wonder if it was accidental or suicidal. However, Queen Gertrude’s account of her death proves very influential over the audience’s opinion, as the Queen moves from simply stating â€Å"your sister’s drown’d, Laertes†, to suggesting a case of suicide. At first instance this evidence suggests accidental death, â€Å"an envious sliver broke†, referring that the branch she stood on broke. However, when describing Ophelia’s actions it suggests Ophelia purposely gave up the fight for life and Gertrude claims, â€Å"As one incapable of her own distress, Or like a creature native and indued†, which boldly suggests Ophelia’s grief caused her to give up her fight to the water. Also, it is implied before this scene that Ophelia is mad, but in this scene this accusation is once again backed up when the Queen says, â€Å"Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes†, this proves her absolute madness as any sane person would be struggling, yet Ophelia seems to allow the water to submerge her. Following on from the issue of Ophelia’s supposed suicide, two clowns enter and discuss whether she is to receive a traditional Christian burial despite, â€Å"†¦wilfully seeking her own salvation†. As the Priest begins one of his short speeches, he also gives a stern impression that he was under the suspicion that she committed suicide, stating, â€Å"Her death was doubtful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Usually suspecting people (clergymen) would not allow deceased people to receive a Christian burial. But in Ophelia’s case the Priest goes from one extreme to another, â€Å"She should in ground unsanctified†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , but soon carries out a hurried burial and declares†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦to peace-parted souls†, this could be due to Ophelia’s royal relations having influence over this religious decision. In Hamlet, every action and sentence can often be ambiguous, which can cause debate among people considering what Shakespeare was actually implying. The theme, suicide is presented in this same manner and is worked to perfection. This theme can lead the audience to believe on thing, but can cause a dramatic change In a person’s fame of mind by purposely using pun and wit. For example, when it is suggested that Ophelia committed suicide, but it is such an open argument that it is also proposed that Ophelia’s death was accidental and a cold murder. Gertrude’s narrative description of Ophelia’s death proves very suspicious and this could suggest that she was present and could have witnessed and watch her drown. This can be argued because Gertrude knew deep down that her son would be better off without Ophelia due to Hamlet needing to marry a fellow royal into their Danish family.

The White Umbrella

The White Umbrella The narrator of The White Umbrella is ashamed of her mom because she works. Throughout the story, she begins to have a different perspective of her mom. In the end of The White Umbrella, she respects her mom and realizes that her mom likes to have a job. One of the things that helps her to realize that is she sees how much she loves working. Her mom says on page 332, â€Å"â€Å"A promotion already! † she said finally. † Her mom likes her job.The narrator learns that she loves her mom no matter what she does when they get in a wreck. The narrator says â€Å"†Mom! † I screamed. â€Å"Mom! Wake up! † Luckily, no one was hurt and she comes to realize that she does not care that her mom has a job. Back in the beginning, she is ashamed that her mom works even though she does not know where she is working. The narrator explains this when she is having a conversation with her mom; â€Å"†Lots of people’s mothers work. † â€Å"Those are American people,† I said. † In addition, she does not mention her mom’s job to her piano teacher because she is so ashamed and she and her sister have to walk to practice because of this. â€Å"â€Å"I don’t think so,† said Mona as we walked to our piano lesson after school. In the middle of the story, her mom tells her where she is working, but is even more disappointed. She still thinks it is like being poor. The narrator asks her mom to quit. Another reason why she does not want her to work is that the mom forgot them at practice. â€Å"† My mother’s almost here,† I said â€Å"she’s on her way. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦You’ve been out here an hour already. †Ã¢â‚¬  She was ashamed of her mom working but now does not mind that her mother has a job as long as she is happy. The narrator of The White Umbrella reconsiders her mother working throughout the story.

Meaning of Life and Success Essay

Success is a person or thing that desired aims and achieves or attains fame or any form of accomplishment which will always make them proud or happy at the end of either the day, month or year. The word success was originated in the mid-16th century from a Latin word successus and a verb succedere meaning come close after. When I hear of the word success there are two things that come in mind, hard work and determination. Hard work is one of the main and most important building blocks in my success foundation. Working hard is one of the best and most accurate ways to think about being successful. Success cannot be earned unless you strive and work hard for it, because it is a word that comes with work and if work is not done then the meaning of the word can’t be accomplished. Like Einstein said â€Å"If A is a success in life then A equals x plus y plus z. work is x; y is play and z is keeping your mouth shut† for instance to me as an athlete working hard and in playing hard rather than running my mouth are the best way of being successful in game point stands in my career. Determination is a very critical and important aspect when it comes to success. To be determined to achieve any goals or aims is a very important choice of being successful. Bertrand 2 Determination can to be physically, spiritually and emotionally which all combines with hard work and if you combine both hard work and determination together you will always get a good result of success. Being successful in life can be one of the precious and happiest moments in life that can last for a long time if and only if you do what is expected of you to keep the success going on. Success can be advantageous in many ways; Accomplishing a goal, moving on to a new goal, brings happiness and fulfillment, set new and personal records, inspire, motivate and give you strengths to aim high and set bigger goals. But it’s not always everybody that’s successful that is happy or satisfied with their success. The isn’t that much difference being successful than being a failure, like the good old quote that say â€Å"the difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength not a lack of knowledge, but rather the a lack in will† this quote is very simple and well understood and the quote’s point is clearly pointed out, which state the main difference between a successful person and others which is the will to be the successful person that they are. To be successful person there should be some sought of guidelines to help you achieve or attain success. Thinking about success also brings about the thought or idea of failure â€Å"In order to success your desire for success should be greater rather than your fear of failure†. An important and inspiring quote as this from one of the favorite, idol and inspiring actor in the movie industry and in the society should and is been considered by a lot of fans to be very important in achieving success rather than having the fear of failure because his path of success has given or got him to where he is at the moment.

Knowledge-based systems Essay

We tabulated the required sample size n and the corresponding critical acceptance value [c. sub. 0] for various [alpha]-risks, [beta]-risks, and the capability requirements AQL, LTPD. The results obtained in this paper are useful to the practitioners in making reliable decisions. For illustrative purpose, we demonstrated the proposed method by presenting a case study on liquid-crystal module (LCM) manufacturing process to evaluate the process performance. Here could be many decision problems in which decision-makers have different interests in reaching certain objectives. A useful decision support system which has interesting characteristics is presented here: it allows each decision-maker to learn individually how to move around the efficient frontier and, interact anonymously, in a progressive manner, with the other members of the group to impel the process toward his interests, or to back down before the other decision-makers’ interests, to end up in a balanced decision that satisfies all the members of the group. (Sethi, & King 2001) The system presented here has the role of an impartial and trustworthy facilitator that enables the group to reach their objectives in an appropriated time, manages it, questions it and makes proposals. The system can rapidly synthesize information and judgments and effectively reflect back the tentative outcomes to decision-makers. It generates understanding, learning and creativity. (Edwards 2004) This process can drive certain members of the group to strongly bias the decisions towards their own interests, by proposing solutions that exceed their goals so that in a negotiation process they can diminish their aspirations to reach their individual true goals. In the proposed methodology several options were included that diminish the vulnerability of the process to radical proposals. These options induce the decision-makers to express their real preferences and not those that would allow them to manipulate the decision. The proposed methodology allows autonomy and privacy in the decisions of each member of the group. It improves the participation of all decision-makers and avoids pressures by other members. It allows that decision-makers have different importance within the process, and it also includes a weighting system that can be defined by a consultative procedure. (Tan, & Benbasat 2003) References Adelman, L. (2001). Handbook for evaluating knowledge-based systems: Norwell, MA: Kluwer. Anderson, E. E. , & Chen, Y. (2006) Microcomputer software evaluation: An econometric model. Decision Support Systems. 19 (2), 75-92. Adelman, L. (2005). User and R&D specialist evaluation of decision support systems: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. (SMC-15)2, 334-342. Balasubramanian, P. (1999) Managing process knowledge for decision support: Decision Support Systems. 27 (1-2), 145-162.

The Itnerarium Pereginorum et Gesta Regis Ricardis (The Chronicle of Research Paper

The Itnerarium Pereginorum et Gesta Regis Ricardis (The Chronicle of the Third Crusade) - Research Paper Example The paper is also meant to inform the readers of the figures that were behind the crusade and how each of them contributed to the struggle of rescuing and maintaining the ruler-ship of Jerusalem. The genre with which this work is written is kind of a narrative with blends the illustrations and examples that vividly make the reader grasp every element of the author’s thought. The text is elaborate and the evidences given are backed by references from other works thus authenticating it beyond doubts. The text though seems to be biased towards its analysis and projection of the opponent, the Muslim, who is the occupant of Jerusalem. Their leader Saladin is portrayed as a bad person yet to some extent the things that he did were much similar to those that Richard of England did. Richard is defended in the text for his deeds and he is showered with praises all through the text. Firstly, Richard is portrayed as a leader and a warrior who is a schemer with great intelligence. He thin ks ahead of time and he takes due consideration of his subject. During the initial stages of the third crusade, he knew and he had a feeling that it was very possible to conquer Jerusalem, but it needed more than that1. In his wisdom, there was a possibility of the win but maintaining the city after the conquest would pose a great challenge for him. This is because the soldiers and the crusaders would have loved to go back home to their people who had missed them. As the King, he had the authority of forcing the soldiers to take guard of the city but instead, his understanding stood open and in that consideration, he laid further strategies of laying the attack without offending his people both at home and in the battlefield. In the effect of this, Richard upon the in-depth analysis and understanding of the situation. He came to the realization that the dual combination of the Saladin’s powerful control of Egypt and Syria permitted him to in effect take control and surround t he crusaders. Because of his deep concern for others and the loyalty that he enjoyed, he had the stamina of power and humor of love that made him a powerful man in the crusade. He had the audacity to face danger and even in the farce face of defeat, he lost no hope and with resilience, he often snatches victory from the hand of defeat. This made his people believe in him. It is a natural thing that people would always follow the leader who assures them victory even in the face of confusion. His strategies were clear and even when there was uncertainty in the direction to follow, he promised victory by offering clear formula and methods of war and attacks2. Richard is further portrayed to have human attitude. He is empathetic and never had he wanted to put people to death. This is a thought which is quite paradoxical. When he was faced with conflicting situations, he had no choice but to slay a number of people. At the time, he wanted to make advances to the south, he was faced with a situation. He had two options; to set the war prisoners free or to leave a section of his soldiers in the guard or to kill them. As a rational thinker and a competent soldier, leaving a section of his soldier to take captive the prisoners would weaken his force.

Seminar Public health Unit1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar Public health Unit1 - Research Paper Example Nowadays, there are many problems arising in Public Health that needs to be addressed. Public Health developed many techniques for defining and circumscribing a governable terrain, for example in the form of reports, pictures, numbers, charts, graphs, statistics, etc. that soon later develop in the form of seminars (Rose & Miller, 1992, p. 185). Public Health is composed of Public Health workforce who is both large and diverse. The review singled out the role of chairs, leaders, local government, together with chief executives, directors of public health and others working at director level are the one who conducted Public Health Seminar to strengthen the public health function (Department of Health, 2001, p.6). WHO, other specialized agencies and the UN provide technical and consultative services in connection with UNICEF- assisted projects at the planning stage, during the implementation of the projects and in evaluation of results. Public Health Seminar (University of Dakar, Senegal). UNICEF contributed $40,000 in 1962 to public health seminars held in 1963 & 1964. A seminar on health and nutrition and education of the public was held in Congo (Brazzaville) for 67 participants from 12 countries. Ad to higher level of training concerned with production and consumption of a well-balanced food supply for the family (Cannan, 1966, p.64) The Regional Director of Public Health highlighted male health needs and that something should be done to address. This resulted first, in a day-long regional men’s health seminar held in December 1995 for health authority representatives. There was a mixed representation from authorities across the region. In order to try, to identify strategic policy development at health authority level within the West Midlands following the consultancy input, attempts were made to contact all health authorities that sent representatives to the regional seminar in 1995 (Bamford & Luck, 2000, p.

The Phaedo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Phaedo - Essay Example Those enemies would be a life wasted on the pursuit of pleasure at the expense of pain (pleasure withdrawn). This very duality of life, according to Socrates, is the bane of existence for all of mankind. If one spends much time caught in the illusion of earthly pleasures then faces a fear of death due to inattention to the betterment of the mind and soul, then that life is sorely wasted. Yet to Socrates, lightly embracing pleasure allows one to enhance pleasure and not fear its removal, for such a person knows that pleasure is merely ephemeral and not a constant. In succeeding to do this, one overcomes the fear of death, for the loss of pleasure is a death in itself. Fear of losing pleasure is fear of death. This is not to say that the form death may take is pleasurable, but Socrates explains that the true philosopher from early on chases death in life, seeks endings and depth, the essence of pleasure and pain and finds within this duality a richness that is exhilarating rather than frightening. To live with death every day, or in other words, living each day preparing to die, is the very stuff of the true philosopher. A life well lived should not be grieved; Socrates wonders why people who face death fear liberation from worldly burdens when life could be lived free of worldly burdens by recognizing them as symbols rather than literal things. In d In discussing the pleasure/pain principle, Socrates explains that the fear of loss during life is an endless exchange of one pleasure for another. He demonstrates this by stating that, like coins, people abstain from one pleasure only to replace it with another in order to be "temperate." Like coins, the balance of pleasures is kept in check, yet there is always the fear of them being removed, lost or taken. The philosopher sees the idiocy of such thinking and allows pleasure to come and go as it pleases, seeing it for what it is. Pleasure is not worth sacrificing one's worldly life to obtain and hold onto it, for it is evasive and fickle. The true coin, Socrates says, is Wisdom. Interestingly, Socrates says flat out that we are born from the dead (in other words, we are dead until we are born); therefore, why should we fear death We already have en existence before we enter this world and we will regain that existence upon leaving this world. As we find good people in this world, so we shall find them in the world from whence our souls came. From this conversation springs the key to the duality in the world through the example of forms; in this world, forms are objects that help us remember; for life is simply an attempt to recall what has been forgotten rather than to know anything. True knowledge and the attainment of wisdom is the synthesis of the formed and the unformed, the born and the unborn, the resolution of all dualities. As Socrates explains (and to put it in modern terms), forms are symbols of what we know and are ties to many memories, each evoking a feeling of pleasure or pain. There is no true learning, only remembering (which is another way of saying that the brain is limited to the mind, but the soul is independent of both). My brother's sweater reminds me of

Compare and contrast financial and managerial accounting Essay

Compare and contrast financial and managerial accounting - Essay Example This memo outlines the differences between managerial accounting and financial accounting and the Managerial Reports and Usefulness in Decision Making. The reports presented in this memo comprise of product cost reports, budget reports, performance report, order information report and the business opportunity report. Differences between Managerial and Financial Accounting Given the fact that one of the duties of a manager is to plan; then it stipulates that management accounting has a solid emphasis on the future. On the other hand, financial accounting fundamentally gives summaries of the previous financial transactions. The summaries might be very important in the planning process, but only to a particular point. In this perspective, the future might not be a replication of the transactions that took place previously. Modifications are regularly taking place in the fiscal conditions thus the modifications call for planning which is based to a large extent on estimates of the transa ctions that will take place as opposed to the summaries of the transactions that have already taken place (Needles, Powers & Crosson, 2010). Financial accounting information is always anticipated to b verifiable and objective. Nonetheless, for internal purpose the manager demands data that is significant even if it is not totally verifiable or objective. By virtue of relevance, it implies that appropriate for the challenge at hand. For instance, it is hard to ascertain that estimated volume of sales for a proposed expansion of business into the foreign country but this is precisely the kind of data that is prevalently useful to managers in the process of decision making. On the other hand management accounting information system must be adequately elastic to give any kind of information that is appropriate for any specific decision (Teale, 2003). Managerial Reports and Usefulness in Decision Making There are various managerial reports which are used in making important decisions in business. Such reports comprise of cost reports, Performance reports, budget reports, business opportunity reports and order reports. These types of reports have various uses in decision making process. Cost Reports Management accounting makes calculations of the cost of goods and services being produced. This is possible through accumulation of costs of raw products, costs of overheads, labor costs and any other extra costs that might be put into consideration. The entire costs are then divided by the quantity of the products produced where the information is put into a cost report. Cost reports are significant methods for firms to adapt or learn which areas of a business are potentially profitable and areas that costs more money. When cost reports are made prior to the beginning of a project, they give an efficient estimate of the likely cost of a project thus allowing the manager to plan and estimate the profit margin. Whenever the cost reports are made after the project has been finalized one can get a better insight of the maximum costs and the profit expected from the project. Use of the Report This type of report gives the managers the ability to see the constituent cost prices of products against the selling prices thus enabling them to determine the profit margin. Efficient cost reports gives quality information to enable managers see the significance

Principals of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principals of Management - Essay Example If customers needs more detailed information not covered on the terminals, service centre staff needs to refer customer to the service centre manager who have a greater knowledge of services and products to ensure customer gets the correct information. The new customer service manager experience a increase in calls referred to her by service centre staff, even though they could have answered some of the questions themselves. This resulted in increased delay for customers as the manager will have to address more queries than necessary. This is supported by rising customer complaints about the time they have to wait on the phone. The manager is concerned and requested some guidance on the possible use of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to motivate staff. Firstly it is obvious that the service manager are new and may have taking the position over persons who have been with the bank a longer time, persons with more experience and skills. These persons may feel that they are not seen as good enough and that is why they where not considered for the manager position, influencing them negative and this they retaliate by acting as if they are unable to address the customers queries. Then the tasks these service centre staff have to perform has been designed in a monotonous and boring manner, offering no real challenge or a opportunity for staff to use their own initiative. This combined with strict control of staff's movements and restrictive job descriptions allows no flexibility, resulting in repetitive work without any break will be enough to reduce the employees willingness to perform. Furthermore, the strict control seem to only penalise staff and that there is very little in rewards for above average performance or dedication, giving staff no reason to improve their performance, or to help customers with little more complex questions. With only the service manager to help customers with more complex queries, staff will refer any customer to her if they ask questions only slightly deviating from the norm, without even trying to clarify what the customer wants to know. Five Functions of a Manager Before looking at motivational theories we need to look at the functions of a manager. Management is management in any organization and the principals of management are general and not specific to any business environment. "However, management is universal only if the manager has become familiar with the specific situation in which it is applied. Production technology, customer characteristics and the culture of the industry are examples of specifics that managers need to learn to be effective in applying their generic management skills," (James Higgins, 1994). The main goal of a manager is to reach the organisations mission and objectives through the five functions of management; planning, organizing, staffing, directing and control. It must be stressed that even though a manager have the ability to apply the five functions of management to accomplish the organizations goals, it is no guarantee that he or she will be successful. Managers also need to be effective and efficient, effective in achieving goals and efficient in allocating resources. Below the functions defined as: Planning Planning is the continuous process of developing business objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. Planning can be broad, as in designing the mission of a organisation